Class 6 Geography Chapter 2: Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes
Equator: It
is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into two equal halves, i.e.;
northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere.
Parallels of
Latitudes: all
parallel circles from the equator up to poles. Measured in degrees.
Latitude beside the equator (0°), the North Pole (90°) and the South Pole (90°).
Important
parallels of Latitudes
1. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn are (23
2. Arctic Circle at (66
3. Antarctic Circle at (66
Torrid Zone: the mid-day sun
is exactly overhead at least once in a year on all latitude in between tropic
of cancer and Capricorn. Therefore, these areas receive maximum heat.
Temperate
Zones: the
area bounded by the tropic of cancer and Arctic Circle in the north and tropic
of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in the south, have the moderate temperature.
Fridge Zones: area lying between the Arctic Circle and North Pole and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole, are very cold. Because here the sun does not rise much above the horizon. They are also known as Polar Zone.
Longitudes: the imaginary
lines running from the North Pole to South Pole of the globe.
Prime
Meridian: it
is an arbitrary meridian at which longitude is 0°. British Royal Observatory is
located at Prime Meridian.
Longitude and
Time: When
Prime Meridian of Greenwich has the sun at the highest point in the sky. This
is called mid-day or noon.
Indian
Standard Time (IST): the
local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole.
Fun facts
1.
Indian Standard Time (IST) passes
from Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh.
2.
1 degree latitude covers about 111km
distance.
3.
1 degree latitude covers about 60
minutes difference.
4.
In India, sun first rises in Dong,
Arunachal Pradesh.