Tertiary and Quaternary
Activities
Introduction
- Tertiary activities are related to the service sector
- Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour professionally trained experts and consultants
- Tertiary activities include both production and exchange .
- Tertiary activities involves the commercial output of service rather than the production of tangible goods .
Trade and commerce
- Trade is essentially buying and selling of items produce elsewhere .
- The towns and cities where all these works take place are known us trading centers
- Trading centers may be divided into rural and urban marketing centers .
- Rural marketing centers cater to nearby settlements these are quash: urban centers
- They serve as trading centers of the most rudimentary type .
- Here personal and professional service are not well - developed
- Periodic markets in rural areas are found
- These markets are held on specified dates and move from one place to another
Urban marketing centers
- Urban marketing centers have more widely specialised urban service
- They provide ordinary goods and services
Example : Labour , Housing , Semi or finished products
Retail trading
- This is the business activities concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumers
- The retail trading takes place in fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling .
Consumer cooperatives
They were the first of the large - scale innovations in retailing
Departmental stores
The responsibility and authority to departmental heads for purchasing of commodities and for overseeing the sale in different sections of the stores .
Chain stores
- Chain stores are able to purchase merchandise most economically , often going so far as to direct the goods to be manufactured to their specification
- They have the ability to experiment in one store and apply the results to many
Wholesale trading
- Wholesale trading constitutes bulk business though numerous intermediary merchants and supply houses and not though retail stores
- Some large including chain stores are able to buy directly from the manufactures
Transport
Transport is a device or facility by which people , materials and manufactured goods are physically carried from one location to another
Transport distance can be measured as
- km distance or actual distance of route length .
- Time distance or the time taken to travel on a particular route
- Costa distance or the expense of travelling on a route
Network and Accessibity
- A transport system develop different place are linked together to form a network
- Network are made up of nodes and links
- A node is the meeting point of two or more route
- Every road that joins two nodes is called a link .
Factors affecting transport
Demand
Demand for transport is influenced by the size of population
The large the population size ,the greater is the demand for transport .
Routes
Depend on location of cities , towns ,village , industrial centers and raw materials , pattern of trade between them
Communication
- Communication services involve the transmission of words and messages, fact and ideas .
- The invitation of writing preserved message and helped to make communication dependent on means of transport such as animals , boat, road ,rail and air .
Tele communication
- The use of telecommunications is linked to the development of modern technology.
- It has revolutionized communication because of the speed with which message are sent
- The time reduced is form weeks to minutes .
- Radio and television also help to relay news, pictures , and telephone calls to vast audiences around the world and hence they are termed as mass media .
- Newspaper are able to cover events in all corners of the world .
- The internet has truly revolutionized the global communication system.
Services
Services occur at many different levels
Example : transport systems ,grocery shops and laundries
- The barber and the launders do primarily physical labour .
- Teacher, lawyers , musicians and others perform mental labour .
People engaged in tertiary activities
- Today most people are service workers
- Service are provided in all societies .
- The trend in employment in this sector has been increasing while it has remained unchanged or decreasing in the primary and secondary .
Some selected Example
Tourism
- It is travel undertaken for purpose of recreation rather than business .
- It has become the world 's single largest tertiary activities into registered jobs .
Tourist Regions
- The warmer places around the Mediterranean coast and the west coast of India are some of the popular tourist destinations in the world .
- Historic towns attract tourists , because of the monument , heritage sites and cultural activities
Factors Affecting tourism
Demand
Since the last century the demand for holiday has increased rapidly .
Transport
- The opening -up of tourist areas has been aided by improvement in transport facilities .
- Travel is easier by car , with better road system .
Tourist Attraction .
Climate
Most people from colder regions expect to have warm , sunny weather for beach holidays .
Landscape .
Many people like to spend their holidays in an attractive environment which means mountain , lakes and sea etc.
History and Art
- The history and art of an area have potential attractiveness
- People visit ancient towns and archaeological sites .
Culture and Economy
These attract tourists with a penchant for experiencing ethnic and local customs
Medical services for overseas patients in India
- About 55,000 patients from U.S.A visited India in 2005 for treatment .
- This is still a small number compared with the millions of surgeries performed each year , in the U.S. healthcare system .
- World class hospitals located in metropolitan cities cater to patients all over the world .
When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity , it lends itself to what is commonly known as medical tourism.
Quaternary Activities
- All the people work in a segment of the service sector that is knowledge oriented .
- This sector can be divided into quaternary and quinary activities .
The collection production and dissemination of information or even the production of information
Quinary activities
- The highest level of decision markers or policy markers perform quinary activities
- These are different from the knowledge based industries that the quinary sector in general deals with
Outsourcing
Large number of call centers in India and china opened
Advantage
- Cheap
- Availability of skilled persons
- English language communication skills
- Out migrating countries
- Knowledge processing outsourcing
- Home sharing
- Business process outsourcing
Digital divide
- Availability of information and communication technology .
- It is uneven in the world .
- It depends on the government policy .